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摘要: 中国心血管病(CVD)患病率处于持续上升阶段。推算CVD现患人数3.3亿，其中脑卒中1 300万，冠心病(CHD)1 139万，心力衰竭(HF)890万，肺源性心脏病500万，心房颤动487万，风湿性心脏病250万，先天性心脏病200万，外周动脉疾病(PAD)4 530万，高血压2.45亿。2021年中国心脑血管疾病患者出院总人次数为2 764.98万，占同期出院总人次数(包括所有住院病种)的15.36%，其中CVD 1 487.23万人次，占8.26%，脑血管病1 277.75万人次，占7.10%。CVD给居民和社会带来的经济负担仍在加重，CVD防治的拐点尚未到来。Abstract: The prevalence of cardiovascular disease(CVD) in China is on the rise. It is estimated that there are 330 million people with CVD, including 13 million cases of stroke, 11.39 million cases of coronary heart disease(CHD), 8.9 million cases of heart failure(HF), 5 million cases of pulmonary heart disease, 4.87 million atrial fibrillation, 2.5 million cases of rheumatic heart disease, 2 million cases of congenital heart disease, 45.3 million cases of peripheral arterial disease(PAD), and 245 million cases of hypertension. In 2021, the total number of discharges of patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China was 27 649 800, accounting for 15.36% of the total number of discharges(including all inpatient diseases) in the same period, including 14 872 300 CVDs, accounting for 8.26%, and 12 777 500 cerebrovascular diseases, accounting for 7.10%. The economic burden of CVD on residents and society still increases, and the inflection point of CVD prevention and treatment has not yet arrived.
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Key words:
- cardiovascular diseases /
- epidemiology /
- burden of disease /
- risk factors /
- prevalence /
- mortality /
- rehabilitation /
- basic research /
- medical device development /
- expense
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图 1 2021年中国农村居民主要疾病死因构成比
Figure 1. Proportions of major disease-related deaths among rural residents in China in 2021
图 2 2021年中国城市居民主要疾病死因构成比
Figure 2. Proportions of major disease-related deaths among urban residents in China in 2021
图 3 2000—2021年中国城乡居民CVD死亡率变化
Figure 3. Changes in CVD mortality among urban and rural residents in China, 2000-2021
图 4 2021年中国城乡不同性别人群CHD死亡率
Figure 4. Mortality rates of CHD in urban and rural populations by gender in China, 2021
图 5 2002—2021年中国城乡地区CHD死亡率变化趋势
Figure 5. Trends in CHD mortality in urban and rural areas of China, 2002-2021
图 6 2002—2021年中国城乡地区AMI死亡率变化趋势
Figure 6. Trends in AMI mortality in urban and rural areas of China, 2002-2021
图 7 2021—2022年我国18岁及以上居民脑卒中发病率
Figure 7. Incidence of stroke among residents aged 18 years and older in China, 2021-2022
图 8 2021年中国城乡不同性别人群脑血管病(粗)死亡率
Figure 8. Crude mortality rates of cerebrovascular disease by gender in urban and rural areas of China, 2021
图 9 2003—2021年中国城乡居民脑血管病(粗)死亡率变化趋势
Figure 9. Trends in crude mortality rates of cerebrovascular disease among urban and rural residents in China, 2003-2021
图 10 基于估计平均需要量或适宜摄入量的中国成年人膳食微量营养素摄入不足率
Figure 10. Percentage of Chinese adults with inadequate micronutrient intakes from diet based on estimated average requirement or appropriate intake
图 11 不同性别、年龄居民超重率、肥胖率和中心性肥胖率
Figure 11. Prevalence of overweight, obesity, and central obesity by gender and age
图 12 不同性别、年龄居民高血压患病率
Figure 12. Prevalence of hypertension among residents by gender and age
图 13 2004—2018年中国成年人高血压知晓率、治疗率、控制率变化趋势
Figure 13. Trends in the awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension in Chinese adults, 2004-2018
图 14 2002—2015年中国≥18岁成年人血脂水平变化
Figure 14. Changes in blood lipid levels among Chinese adults aged ≥18 years, 2002—2015
图 15 不同性别、年龄居民血脂异常患病率
Figure 15. Prevalence of dyslipidemia among residents by gender and age
图 16 中国成年人不同血脂异常类型患病率
Figure 16. Prevalence of different dyslipidemia types among Chinese adults
图 17 1980—2021年中国心脑血管病患者出院人次数
Figure 17. Number of discharged patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China, 1980 to 2021
图 18 1980—2021年中国心脑血管病和糖尿病患者出院人次
Figure 18. Number of discharged patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes in China, 1980 to 2021
图 19 2022年CHD住院总费用的疾病构成
Figure 19. Proportions of total CHD hospitalization costs in 2022
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