The immunological effects and safety of HJY-ATRQβ-001 vaccine preparations with different proportions of aluminum adjuvant
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摘要: 目的 具有生物靶向效应的治疗性疫苗在心血管疾病治疗中极具前景。针对血管紧张素Ⅱ受体1型(AT1R)的病毒样颗粒疫苗ATRQβ-001已在多种高血压动物模型中显示出良好的降压效果及靶器官保护效应。为进一步提高疫苗免疫效率，氢氧化铝佐剂被用于疫苗制备中。本研究旨在评价不同铝佐剂配比HJY-ATRQβ-001疫苗制剂的免疫效应和安全性，以指导铝佐剂的合理应用。 方法 将ATRQβ-001分别与不同浓度氢氧化铝混合制成HJY-ATRQβ-001疫苗制剂1(含1 mg/mL氢氧化铝)和疫苗制剂2(含2 mg/mL氢氧化铝)，皮下免疫后通过免疫荧光、流式细胞检测、酶联免疫吸附试验及酶联免疫斑点试验等方法评价疫苗制剂诱导的差异性免疫反应。 结果 经皮免疫后，HJY-ATRQβ-001疫苗进入引流淋巴结的包膜下区域，并逐步转移并沉积于滤泡树突状细胞(FDCs)表面，为滤泡B细胞提供持续的抗原刺激。同时，两种疫苗制剂均能有效诱导抗原提呈细胞(DCs)成熟，并辅助2型辅助性T细胞(Th2)和滤泡辅助性T细胞(Tfh)主导的T细胞活化。值得注意的是，含高浓度佐剂的疫苗制剂2同时一过性激活了Th17细胞、细胞毒性T细胞(CTLs)和调节性T细胞(Treg)，展示出更强的T细胞刺激性。疫苗在FDCs上的沉积和辅助性T细胞活化共同促进针对AT1R短肽的高效体液免疫应答，表现为特异性抗体分泌细胞、特异性抗体以及B细胞记忆形成，但含不同浓度铝佐剂的两组疫苗制剂在体液免疫激活效应上没有显著性差异。 结论 氢氧化铝佐剂在HJY-ATRQβ-001疫苗免疫中表现出良好的免疫辅助效应，提高铝佐剂浓度在增加免疫刺激性的同时，未能显著提升体液免疫效果。为平衡免疫效果和安全性，在疫苗制备过程中应仔细考虑佐剂的添加和合适的剂量。Abstract: Objective Therapeutic vaccines with biological targeting effects have great potential in the cardiovascular diseases therapy. The viral like particle-based vaccine ATRQβ-001 targeting angiotensin Ⅱ receptor type 1 (AT1R) has shown effective anti-hypertensive and target organ protective effects in various hypertension animal models. To further improve the immune efficiency, aluminum hydroxide adjuvant is used in vaccine preparation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the immunological responses and safety of HJY-ATRQβ-001 vaccine preparations with different concentrations of aluminum hydroxide, aiming to guide the proper application of the adjuvant. Methods HJY-ATRQβ-001 was mixed with different concentrations of aluminum hydroxide to produce vaccine preparation 1 (containing 1 mg/mL aluminum hydroxide) and vaccine preparation 2 (containing 2 mg/mL aluminum hydroxide). Differential immune responses induced by the vaccine preparations were evaluated through immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Results Following subcutaneous immunization, HJY-ATRQβ-001 entered the subcapsular area of the draining lymph nodes and gradually deposited on the surface of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), providing continuous antigen stimulation to follicular B cells. Meanwhile, both vaccine preparations effectively induced the maturation of antigen presenting cells (DCs) and T cell activation dominated by T helper 2 cells (Th2) and follicular helper T cells (Tfh). Notably, vaccine preparation 2 simultaneously activated Th17, cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) and regulatory T cells (Treg), showing stronger T cell stimulation, although these T cells activation was not sustained. Vaccine deposition and helper T cells activation promoted efficient humoral immune responses, manifested as specific antibody secreting cells, specific antibodies, and B cell memory formation against AT1R peptide segment. However, there was no significant differences in humoral immunity activation between the two groups of vaccine preparations containing different concentrations of aluminum adjuvant. Conclusion HJY-ATRQβ-001 vaccine adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide performed great immunological effects, while increasing the concentration of the adjuvant did not improve the humoral immunity effects but augmented the immune stimulation. To balance the immunological effects and safety, the addition of the adjuvant and proper dosage should be carefully deliberated during vaccine preparation.
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Key words:
- hypertension /
- therapeutic vaccines /
- aluminum adjuvant /
- T cell immunity /
- B cell immunity /
- immune safety
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图 1 疫苗皮下免疫后淋巴结内分布及沉积
Figure 1. Distribution and deposition of the HJY-ATRQβ-001 vaccine in the draining lymph node
图 3 疫苗制剂免疫后树突状细胞激活及主要辅助性T细胞分化
Figure 3. Dendritic cell activation and major helper T cell differentiation after vaccine immunization
图 4 疫苗制剂免疫后Th17、Treg及细胞毒性T细胞分化
Figure 4. Th17, Treg, and CTL cell differentiation after vaccine immunization
图 5 疫苗免疫第14天及21天血清细胞因子分泌水平
Figure 5. Serum cytokine secretion levels on 14th and 21st day of vaccine immunization
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